I love this map because of the way it so confidently depicts a chain of islands that never existed. The Portuguese navigator Quiros believed that islands—or maybe the edge of Terra Australis Incognita—lay just to the south of the routes he had taken across the Pacific in 1595 and 1605, and many later maps show bits of coastline (sometimes marked “Seen by Quiros”) in this part of the ocean. This one goes the whole hog, envisioning an entire chain of islands strung like stepping stones across what is, in fact, an utterly empty region of the sea.